What is the primary treatment for glaucoma?

The primary treatment for glaucoma focuses on lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) to prevent damage to the optic nerve. Medications, particularly in the form of eye drops, are most commonly utilized as the first line of treatment. These medications can include prostaglandin analogs, beta-blockers, alpha agonists, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and others. They work by either enhancing the outflow of aqueous humor from the eye or reducing its production, thus effectively managing IOP.

This approach is essential because glaucoma often progresses without significant symptoms until substantial nerve damage has occurred, making early and consistent management critical. While surgical interventions and laser therapy are viable options for some patients, they are generally considered when medications are not effective or when the glaucoma is more advanced. Vision therapy, on the other hand, is typically not applicable to glaucoma management, as it focuses on improving visual function rather than addressing the underlying issues related to pressure within the eye.