What is the primary function of the retina?

The primary function of the retina is to convert light into neural signals. This process begins when light enters the eye and hits the photoreceptor cells in the retina, namely rods and cones. These cells are sensitive to light and are responsible for detecting the intensity and color of light. Once the photoreceptors absorb light, they generate electrical signals that are then transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve, where they are interpreted as visual images.

This function is crucial to vision, as the retina essentially acts as the sensor that allows the brain to understand and process what is seen. Any dysfunction in the retina can lead to significant visual impairment, highlighting the importance of its role in the visual system.

The other options refer to functions associated with different parts of the eye or processes that do not relate directly to the primary role of the retina. For example, refracting light is primarily the function of the cornea and lens, while aqueous humor production is a role of the ciliary body. Protection from UV light is generally a function of the lens and corneal layers, rather than the retina itself.